At the time of the most recent census in March 2021, Tower Hamlets had the fastest-growing population of any local authority area across England and Wales. Between 2011 and 2021 the local population grew by 56,200 (22.1%) to 310,300. In 2011 the population was 254,096. Tower Hamlets was the most densely populated borough in England with 15,695 residents per square kilometre compared to an average of 424 people per square kilometre in England – that is over 37 times higher than the mean average population density for England.
The median age in Tower Hamlets was 30 – the youngest of any area in England and Wales. The borough had the smallest proportion of older people aged 65+ in England and Wales. The most common countries of birth other than the UK were Bangladesh, Italy, India, China and France. 14% of residents were born in a current European Union country. Population turnover is high compared to elsewhere with more than a fifth (20.8%) of residents having lived somewhere else a year prior to the census.
At 34.6%, Tower Hamlets has the largest Bangladeshi population in England and Wales and the largest Muslim population (39.9%) in England and Wales.
7.2% of adult residents were Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual or Other and 1% had a gender identity different to their sex registered at birth.
62.7% of all residents in employment were in managerial, professional or associate professional occupations but 46,000 adults have never worked.
Tower Hamlets has a high proportion of households who rent, both from social landlords and from private landlords, and the proportion of owner occupiers is the lowest in England and Wales. 16% of households were overcrowded (had too few bedrooms for their needs).
Two thirds of households do not have access to a car or van, one of the lowest levels of car ownership in England and Wales.
12.9% of residents had a disability and 25.7% of households had at least one disabled person living within them.